Diabetic retinopathy is a complication of diabetes is a leading cause of blindness. Diabetic retinopathy occurs when blood vessels inside the retina are damaged due to diabetes.

There are four stages of diabetic retinopathy, including mild nonproliferative retinopathy (small areas of swelling in the retina's blood vessels), moderate nonproliferative retinopathy (some blocking of the retina's blood vessels), severe nonproliferative retinopathy (severe blocking of blood vessels, depriving areas of retina of blood supply) and proliferative retinopathy (abnormal growth of new blood vessels in retina along with leaking).

There are no early symptoms or warning signs for diabetic retinopathy. All people with Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes are at risk for this condition. It is extremely important for individuals with diabetes to receive a comprehensive dilated eye exam at least once a year.

Diabetic retinopathy is detected during a comprehensive eye exam which includes a visual acuity test (measures how well you see at various distances), a dilated eye exam (widening the pupil in order to examine the retina), and a tonometry test (measures the pressure inside the eye). Your retinas will also be checked for leaking blood vessels, macular edema (swelling of the retina), deposits on the retina, damaged nerve tissue, and any changes to the blood vessels themselves.

Diabetic retinopathy is generally not treated in the first three stages. However, progression should be monitored closely. Patients with diabetes should monitor and control their blood sugar levels, blood pressure, and cholesterol.

The fourth stage of diabetic retinopathy (proliferative retinopathy) is commonly treated with laser surgery, which is done to shrink the abnormal blood vessels.

If you are 60 years or older, you should have a comprehensive dilated eye exam at least once every two years. Early treatment for many eye diseases may protect your vision. To ask questions or to schedule an exam, please call our office at 218.759.1290 or 1.800.745.1291.

For more information on this and other diseases, please visit The National Eye Institute.

Source: The National Eye Institute.

If you detect any changes in your vision, please call Womack Eye Associates to schedule an eye exam immediately.